Day 2 :
- Risk Assessment | Environmental Sciences | Medical Toxicology
Location: Pecan
Chair
Friday E Uboh
University of Calabar, Nigeria
Co-Chair
Michal Pardo
Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
Session Introduction
Friday E Uboh
University of Calabar, Nigeria
Title: Comparative effect of vitamins A (retinol) and E (α-tocopherol) on gasoline vapor induced atherosclerotic risk in rats
Time : 09:00-09:25
Biography:
Friday E Uboh has completed his PhD from University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria, and is presently a Professor of Biochemistry, with Toxicology as his area of research interest. He served as the acting Head of Biochemistry Department in the Department of Biochemistry University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria, from 2011 to 2013. He is a Member of Nigerian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NSBMB), Institute of Public Analysts of Nigeria (IPAN), National Vice President of the Society of Experimental Biology of Nigeria (NISEN), American College of Toxicology (ACT), and European Societies of Toxicology (EUROTOX). He has more than 70 papers published in reputable journals, and is a reviewer and Editorial Board Member of many journals of repute. He has also presented many conference papers, locally and internationally.
Abstract:
Exposure to gasoline vapors (GV) have been reported to be a potential atherosclerotic risk factor in rats. In this study, a comparative effect of vitamins A (retinol) and E (α-tocopherol) on GV-induced atherosclerotic risk was investigated in male rats. Twenty-four (24) male rats, 210±20 g, used in the study were distributed into four groups (A-D), with six rats each. The rats in group served as the control, while rats in groups B, C and D were exposed to GV (17.8±2.6 cm3/h/m3/day), 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 30 days by whole body and nose–inhalation in an exposure chamber. Retinol (400 IU/kg/day) and α-tocopherol (200 IU/kg/day) were respectively concomitantly administered orally to the test rats in groups C and D, one hour after each day’s exposure. The results of this study showed that exposure to GV caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in total serum cholesterol (Chol), triacylglycerol (TG), LDL-Chol, VLDL-Chol, TG/HDL-Chol and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and a significant decrease in serum HDL-Chol in rat’s model. However, the elevated Chol, TG, LDL-Chol, VLDL-Chol, TG/HDL-Chol and AIP levels induced by exposure to GV were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by the administration of retinol and α-tocopherol; while the decrease in serum HDL-Chol recorded for rats exposed to GV was significantly (p<0.05) reversed following the same treatment with retinol and α-tocopherol. The observations made from the results of this study supported the hypothesis that exposure to gasoline vapor is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. It also gives a strong indication that retinol and α-tocopherol may be used to reverse the atherosclerotic risks associated with exposure to GV in rats, and α-tocopherol tends to have a more potent effect than retinol.
Xuexia Huang
Guangzhou University, China
Title: Risk assessment and fractional distribution of thallium in paddy soil and its uptake by rice
Time : 09:25-09:50
Biography:
Xuexia Huang is a teacher of School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangzhou University, China. She has completed her PhD from South-West Agriculture University. Her current research interests include remediation technology of contaminated soil, chemical processes and biological availabilities of contaminants in soil and food safety and risk assessment.
Abstract:
To investigate the mobility and availability of thallium (Tl) in the paddy soil and rice in a Tl contaminated area near the Yunfu pyrite mining site (Guangdong, China), the topsoil (0-20 cm) and rice samples were collected from 24 sampling sites and analyzed for the total Tl concentrations. Moreover, the modified European Community Bureau of Reference four-step sequential extraction procedure was applied to determine the concentrations of various Tl fractions in the paddy soil. The results showed that the pH of the paddy soil samples from 24 sampling sites ranged from 3.78 to 4.97 with a mean value of 4.50, which is lower than the mean of paddy soil pH (5.8) in Guangdong Province. The total Tl concentration in the paddy soil varied from 4.99 to 8.25 mg kg-1, which is about 4 to 8 times higher than the Canadian Tl guideline value (1 mg kg-1) for the agricultural land uses. The mean ecological risk index of Tl was 483, indicating that potential hazard of the paddy soil was serious. The Tl contents in rice ranged from 0.97 to 2.16 mg kg-1 with a mean value of 1.42 mg kg-1. The ranges of hazard quotient (HQ) values were 4.08~24.50 and 3.84~22.38 for males and females, respectively. Males have higher health risk than females in the same age group. In childhood age groups (2 to <21 years) and adult age groups (21 to <70 years), the highest health risk level was observed in the 11 to 16 age group and 21 to 50 age group, respectively. Based on the operationally defined extraction procedure, the distribution of various Tl fractions in the paddy soil was determined as follows (in the order of extractability): Easily reducible fraction (40.3%)>acid exchangeable fraction (30.5%)>residual fraction (23.8%)>oxidizable fraction (5.4%). Correlation analyses showed that the soil pH was negatively correlated with the Tl content in both the soil and rice and with the acid exchangeable fraction of Tl and the easily reducible fraction. Tl content in rice was more strongly correlated with the exchangeable fraction of Tl than the total Tl content in the soil. It is suggested that the bioavailability of Tl in more acidic soil is higher and the bioavailability of Tl in the paddy soil largely depends on its speciation, especially the content of acid exchangeable fraction.
Perfecto Barragan-Pena
Instituto Tecnológico de Nogales, Mexico
Title: Kinetics of the cadmium uptake by a thiourea-modified natural clinoptilolite
Time : 09:50-10:15
Biography:
Perfecto Barragan-Pena is currently a Professor at Instituto Tecnologico de Nogales, Mexico. He has a Doctorate in Environmental Sciences and has worked on sorption processes in both batch and dynamic systems, using natural adsorbents such as zeolites. Currently he teaches sustainable development and inferential statistics.
Abstract:
To treat aqueous solutions with Cd²+ concentrations up to 67.83 mg/L experiments were carried out in a batch system where a natural modified zeolite from guaymas, Sonora, Mexico, was used as the adsorbent. The zeolitic material was modified with NaCl and thiourea. The experimentation was conducted at a pH=5.0. The results were compared to a study where the initial concentration for the zeolite modified with thiourea was 37.3 mg/L. Kinetics showed that the zeolite modified with NaCl and thiourea is best described according to pseudo-second order model, R²=0.9997, with a k2=0.763 g/(mg h) and qe=6.238 mg/g reached at 5 h. Compared to the non-modified adsorbent the thiourea-modified clinoptilolite improved its capacity to take up cadmium significantly.
Saviour U Ufot
University of Calabar, Nigeria
Title: Assessment of weekly weight changes pattern, relative organ weights and some hematological indices in male and female rats exposed to gasoline vapors
Time : 10:35-11:00
Biography:
Saviour U Ufot completed his B.Sc. in Biochemistry at the age of 22 from University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria, and M.Sc. in Pharmacology at the age of 24 years from University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. He has worked as senior research officer (Bioremediation and Pollution Control) in Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria from 1998 to 2002, Health Safety and Environment Specialist in Total E&P Nig. Ltd. since 2002. Presently, he is working on his Ph.D. in Biochemical Toxicology in the Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria, under the supervision of Prof. Eyony U. Eyong and Dr. Friday E. Uboh. Perfecto Barragan-Pena is currently a Professor at Instituto Tecnologico de Nogales, Mexico. He has a Doctorate in Environmental Sciences and has worked on sorption processes in both batch and dynamic systems, using natural adsorbents such as zeolites. Currently he teaches sustainable development and inferential statistics.
Abstract:
Gasoline is one of the chemical substances whose vapors contribute ubiquitous chemical pollutants into the environment. This study assessed the sex-dependent effect of inhalation and whole-body exposure to gasoline vapors on weekly weight changes pattern, relative organ weights and some hematological indices of albino Wistar rats. In this study, male and female rats were exposed to vapors generated from direct evaporation of liquid unleaded premium motor spirit (PMS) blend of gasoline at concentration of 17.8±2.6cm3hr–1kg–1m–3day–1, 6 h/day for 30 weeks, using previously reported standard method. The results showed that the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit or packed cell volume (PCV) and red blood cells (RBC) counts in both male and female rats were reduced significantly, while the white blood cell (WBC) count increased significantly (p<0.05) in females and insignificantly (p>0.05) in male rats exposed to gasoline vapors. Also, the comparative percentage decrease in Hb, PCV, RBC were significantly higher (p<0.05) in female than in male rats. Moreover, the percentage weight increase was significantly higher in males and lower in females, while the percentage growth rate decreased significantly (p<0.05) in both male and female rats exposed to gasoline. Low Hb and PCV levels, and weight loss are known to be associated with anemic condition. It may therefore be concluded from the results of this study that inhalation and whole-body exposure to gasoline vapors may induce anemic condition in the gender-dependent pattern in rats, with females being more vulnerable.
Michal Pardo
Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
Title: Health and epigenetic effects induced by metals in resuspended urban dust
Time : 11:00-11:25
Biography:
Michal Pardo has her expertise in Biochemistry and Food Science. She has completed her PhD from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She is a Research Associate focusing on Health-related mechanisms induced by air pollution at the Weizmann institute of science.
Abstract:
Exposure to resuspended urban dust can be harmful to the exposed population. However, the underlying mechanisms that lead to such health effects are not yet elucidated. Water extracts of PM samples collected from the roadway urban environments of Thessaloniki, Milan and London were examined in several different models (in vivo and in vitro exposure systems). Soluble metals extracted from roadway traffic emissions were identified as the lead cause for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant response element (ARE) promoter activation in exposed mice and in lung cell cultures. Metals such as arsenic (As), zinc (Zn) and ferrous (Fe) best predict the ROS-generating/ARE-activating capacity of the near roadway PM in the pulmonary cells study. When mice were exposed several times to the same water extracts, an increase in cytokine levels in both bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and in the blood serum, was detected, indicating a systemic reaction. Removal of soluble metals by chelation markedly diminished the pulmonary PM-mediated response (inflammation and oxidative stress), while an artificial metal solution (MS) recapitulated 80-90% of the PM extract response. We have then set to study possible synergetic effects between a metabolic challenge such as obesity and PM exposure that can further lead to a series of other health risk factors. When metals from PM interact with obesogenic nutrition, tissue specific (lung, liver, fat) showed changes in nrf2–related gene expression profiles that correlated with DNA methylation were observed. Altogether, this study suggests that water-soluble metals in urban PM, potentially from break and tire wear, may constitute major drivers of the pulmonary and systemic responses to multiple exposure to urban PM.
- Symposium
Location: Pecan
Session Introduction
Abdul Rohim Tualeka, Fransisca Anggiyostiana Sirait and Fatma Nuriyanti Mochtar
Airlangga University, Indonesia
Title: Correlation between benzene concentrations with trans and trans-muconic acid
Time : 11:25-11:55
Biography:
Abdul Rohim Tualeka is a Lecturer at Department Occupational Health and Safety, Public Health Faculty, Airlangga University, Indonesia since 1998. He has specialization in Industrial Toxicology, Industrial Hygiene, and risk management. His book publications are Industrial Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Toxicological Metals and Clinical Toxicology (Detox Benzene). He has certificates of Environmental Management Adviser A, Environmental Management Adviser B, Specialist OHS and Certificate of Development Management. He has research experiences in toxicology, including detoxification benzene by foods that rich enzyme CYP2E1, risk assessment benzene at environmental working and risk assessment benzene and CO to the worker in Industry Otomotif Workshop. His journal publications include: safe duration Pb in environmental working effect of food containing high Fe (urine), intake to urinary trans-trans muconic aid (ttMA) level of workers exposed to Benzene and insurance as effort to control risk of benzene in shoe worker in Surabaya.
Abstract:
Shoe maker workers risk exposure to benzene derived from the glue used. Benzene belongs to the category of carcinogen A1 (confirmed human carcinogen), meaning that benzene has been confirmed and proven to be a carcinogen in humans. In chronic exposure to benzene shows an effect on cellular and humoral immunity. Benzene evaporates into the air so quickly that it is possible to be inhaled by the workers. The objectives of this study were to measure benzene vapor levels in the working environment, to study worker characteristics, to measure trans levels, to transmuconic acid workers, and to analyze the exposure relationship of benzene vapor and the characteristics of workers with trans levels, trans-muconic acid workers. The method used to measure benzene vapor levels in the working environment is the GC/FID (Flame Ionization Detector) chromatography method, measuring trans, trans-muconic acid levels using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectra (LC-MS). This study includes 20 research subjects and out of which 8 respondents experienced increased levels of trans, trans-muconic acid and benzene vapor levels in the working environment of 0.0129-2.3330 ppm. The result of the calculation of worker risk characteristics was obtained RQ>1=65% (13 respondents had non-cancer exposure effect) and ECR>10-4=75% (15 workers at risk of cancer) due to benzene exposure.
- Video Presentation
Location: Pecan
Session Introduction
Tirado N S
University Mayor of San Andrés, San Andrés
Title: Pyrethroid exposure gentoxic, chronic effects and glutation s-transferase (GSTM1, GSTT1) genetic polymorphism in vector control workers
Time : 11:55-12:10
Biography:
Tirado N S is a Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Universidad Mayor de San Andres (UMSA), Head of Genotoxicology Unit at Genetic Institute, Medicine School, UMSA- La Paz, Bolivia. She is the Secretary of the Executive Committee of the Latin American Association of Environmental Mutagensis, Teratogenesis, and Carcinogenesis (ALMCTA), President of the Bolivian Society of Muta Environmental Mutagensis, Teratogenesis, and Carcinogenesis (SBOMCTA). She is the Coordinator of a grant regarding environmental toxicology studies (pesticide exposure), Sweedish cooperation. She is the Author/Co-Author of 25 scientific papers, research papers, all of them concerning biomonitoring of people exposed to environment contaminants as heavy metals, pesticides, chemicals (131I, Formaldehyde) and radiations and conferences worldwide. She is the recipient of several national and international awards, Chairperson of The XIX International A. Hollaender Courses by the IAEMS–2015 and a Member of Organizing Committee of X ALAMCTA Congress 2016- Uruguay.
Abstract:
Pyrethroids is a class of insecticides in wide use globally. The acute effects of pyrethroid poisoning are well documented, but the possible chronic effects of low dose exposure are insufficiently described. The aim was to investigate the possible genetic damage, and the association between chronic low dose exposure to pyrethroids and diabetes or pre-diabetes. A cross-sectional study was performed among 122 exposed pesticide sprayers from public vector control programs in Bolivia and among 90 non-exposed controls. Pesticide exposure was determined by questionnaire. Blood samples were analyzed for comet assay, GSTM1, GSSTT1 polymorphisms and glycosylated hemoglobin A (HbA1c), a measure of glucose regulation and bucal cells sample for micronucleus. The results of the genotoxic test showed no significant difference between exposed and controls, only in cariorexis analysis (p<0,007). The prevalence of pre-diabetes or diabetes was 61.1% among vector control workers and 7.9% among controls raw OR 18.4 [7.8; 43.6], adjusted OR 11.8 [4.2; 33.2]. A significant positive trend was observed between cumulated pesticide exposure (total number of hours sprayed) and odds of diabetes/pre-diabetes, but only for the vector control workers who had solely used pyrethroids. Caution is warranted when interpreting the results due to the possibility of residual confounding. A healthy worker effect could explain, why a dose-response relationship was only seen for the vector control workers that had only used pyrethroids? Pre-diabetes/diabetes was associated to chronic exposure to pyrethroids. Further study is warranted.
- Poster Presentations
Location: Pecan
Session Introduction
Hyemin Kim
NeoEnBiz Co., South Korea
Title: Multigenerational effects of 3, 4-dichloroaniline of Daphnia magna
Biography:
Hyemin Kim has her expertise in Microbial Ecology and Environmental Toxicology. She has completed her PhD from Seoul National University.
Abstract:
Most multigenerational studies on acute and chronic toxicity tests are initiated with Daphnia magna (D. magna) derived from unexposed female. However, this approach could ignore potential transfer of toxicity from mother to offspring. Thus, we observed the influence of 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) on two consecutive generation of Daphnia magna (D. magna) through chronic toxicity test with various concentration range (0, 0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, and 5 ug/L) of 3,4-DCA. We evaluated survival, reproduction, and population growth of D. magna after 21 days exposure test, and examined the sensitivity between offspring (from third to fifth) from mother exposed to 3,4-DCA. Results showed that cumulative fecundity decreased with increasing concentration of 3,4-DCA, though the given concentrations of 3,4-DCA did not affect to the survivorship of D. magna. Although age at first reproduction of D. magna increased along the increasing concentrations of 3,4-DCA, the age at first reproduction was decreasing along the consecutive offspring. Our results indicated that offspring might adapt to the 3, 4-DCA toxicity. This study reflects actual environmental exposure.
Wen-Ching Chen
National Chung-Hsing University, Taiwan
Title: The screening of rice endophytic biofertilizers with fungicide etridiazole, metalaxyl and tricyclazole tolerant ability
Biography:
Wen-Ching Chen is specialized in pesticides and environmental microbiology relationship research field. She was graduated from National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Currently, she is an Assistant Professor in International Bachelor Program of Agribusiness, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Abstract:
Bacterial biofertilizers are those plant growths promoting rhizobacteria applied in the field to promote crop growth and to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers. However, in conventional agriculture, the applying pesticides is a routine practice and is unavoidable to achieve reasonable profit. Thus, to develop effective bacterial biofertilizers, the effect of pesticides on plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) should be considered before application. In this study, bacterial strains with both PGP traits and pesticide tolerant ability were isolated for selection as potential bacterial biofertilizers. Rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings were planted in the soils with high dose of fungicide etridiazole, metalaxyl, and tricyclazole applied. Endophytes were isolated from rice roots, and 16S rDNA sequence and related plant promoting characteristics including the potential nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilizing and indoleacetic acid (IAA) production ability for those endophytic bacteria were determined afterward. A total of seventeen different strains were isolated. Among them, five strains with both nitrogen fixation potentials and IAA production ability were identified. The species isolated included Rhizobium larrymoorei E2, Bacillus aryabhattai E7, Bacillus aryabhattai MN1, Pseudomonas granadensis T6, and Bacillus fortis T9. Except for T9, four strains out of five were even capable of tolerating two or more fungicides without retarding the growth rates. We inoculated the above four endophytic bacteria to the rice roots and confirmed that they were all equipped with rice growth promoting abilities. We applied recommendation rates of etridiazole and metalaxyl on the growth medium in Bacillus aryabhattai MN1 and found out that MN1 can produce high rates of IAA with fungicides applied. The bacteria strains isolated from this study presented PGP traits upon high rates of fungicides application and can be viewed as potential members in bacterial biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture application.
Seong-Dae Moon
NeoEnBiz Co., South Korea
Title: Effects of PAHs on the early life stages of aquaculture fishes
Biography:
Sung-Dae Moon is currently on the doctoral degree course and studies in fish toxicology. In addition, he serves as a Team Leader at NeoEnBiz.
Abstract:
Marine oil spill accidents give a variety of adverse influences on aquaculture organisms for a long time. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), one of the major crude oil constituents, have been reported to induce developmental inhibition, morphological deformity, histopathological effects and genetic damage on fishes. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the PAHs on early life stages of three aquaculture fishes (red sea-bream, Pagrus major, rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus, and olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus) using pyrene, 2-methylnaphthalene, and phenanthrene. Embryonic development and larval morphology were investigated for each species. The median effect concentration (EC50) was not estimated for pyrene, and phenanthrene for all test species. The EC50s for 2-methylnaphthalene of Pagrus major, Oplegnathus fasciatus, and Paralichthys olivaceus were 12.8, 10.9 and 18.0 μmol/L, respectively. The no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) for pyrene of Pagrus major, Oplegnathus fasciatus and Paralichthys olivaceus were 99, 99, 0.013 μmol/L, respectively. The NOECs for 2-methylnaphthalene of Pagrus major, Oplegnathus fasciatus and Paralichthys olivaceus were 5.5, 5.5 and 3.5 μmol/L, respectively. The NOECs for phenanthrene of Pagrus major, Oplegnathus fasciatus and Paralichthys olivaceus were 7.0, 224, 0.96 μmol/L, respectively. There was no morphological deformity in the hatched larvae of Pagrus major exposed three PAHs. The spinal curvature and fin deformity were observed in Oplegnathus fasciatus at 11 μmol/L of 2-metylnaphthalene. Pericardial edema, ocular development inhibition, spinal curvature and fin deformity were observed in Paralichthys olivaceus exposed to 0.013 μmol/L of pyrene, 3.5 μmol/L of 2-metylnaphthalene, and 1.0 μmol/L of phenanthrene. It was considered that Paralichthys olivaceus to be more sensitive than Pagrus major and Oplegnathus fasciatus to PAHs. Some embryo of Paralichthys olivaceus successfully hatched in lower concentrations, while morphological deformity was observed in these concentrations. PAHs seem to have large effects on the early life stages of aquaculture fishes.